Background of the study
Semantic shifts, which involve changes in the meanings of words and expressions, are accelerated in digital environments by dynamic user interactions. On Twitter, hashtags play a pivotal role in driving semantic innovation, serving as markers for evolving cultural and political narratives. In Nigeria, Twitter hashtags are frequently repurposed, leading to rapid shifts in meaning that reflect current events and social movements (Adeola, 2023). These semantic transformations often result from the interplay between textual content and the contextual cues provided by hashtags. As users engage in digital activism, the meanings of common words can shift, and new idiomatic expressions can emerge, thereby reshaping the digital lexicon (Ibrahim, 2024). This study focuses on Twitter hashtags as a catalyst for semantic change in Nigerian digital communication. By analyzing a corpus of trending hashtags and associated tweets, the research aims to identify patterns of semantic shift and to assess the broader implications for language evolution and cultural expression in the digital era (Obi, 2025).
Statement of the problem
Although semantic shifts driven by digital communication are well-documented, there is limited research specifically examining how Twitter hashtags contribute to semantic change in Nigeria. Existing studies often generalize digital language evolution without focusing on the mechanisms by which hashtags drive meaning transformation. This lack of targeted analysis impedes our ability to develop robust models of semantic change in online contexts, leaving educators and policymakers without essential data to understand and address these rapid linguistic shifts (Chinwe, 2023). This study aims to fill this gap by providing a detailed analysis of semantic shifts in Twitter hashtags among Nigerian users (Ibrahim, 2024).
Objectives of the study
1. To identify and analyze semantic shifts in Nigerian Twitter hashtags.
2. To explore the mechanisms driving these shifts.
3. To assess the broader impact on digital language and cultural expression.
Research questions
1. What semantic changes occur in trending Twitter hashtags?
2. How do these changes reflect broader cultural and political contexts?
3. What implications do these shifts have for language evolution in Nigeria?
Significance of the study
This study is significant as it investigates the impact of Twitter hashtags on semantic shifts in Nigerian digital communication, contributing to a deeper understanding of online language evolution. The findings will inform sociolinguistic theory and support language education and policy adaptations to contemporary digital trends (Adeola, 2023; Obi, 2025).
Scope and limitations of the study
The study is limited to analyzing semantic shifts in Twitter hashtags by Nigerian users, excluding other social media platforms and offline language phenomena.
Definitions of terms
• Semantic Shift: A change in the meaning of a word or expression over time.
• Hashtag: A word or phrase preceded by the "#" symbol used to index topics on social media.
• Digital Lexicon: The vocabulary that emerges from online communication.
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